Contra-indications

• Decompensated heart failure
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Refractory arrhythmia
• severe contrast medium allergy
• inability for patient cooperation
• pregnancy
• active infection
• severe renal failure
• coagulopathy / anticoagulant state ( high INR / PT)
• severe hemorrhage
• intoxication (digitalis)
• electrolyte disturbance (hypokaliema)